“Dr. Steve Pernal, who works in one of the last Canadian government funded bee research facilities in Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada, arrived at his job when American foulbrood (AFB) was really causing problems for some commercial beekeepers. He first looked at possible ways to decontaminate woodenware from hives containing dead larvae, scale, and contaminated food stores.
1. Scorching and Virkon S were about 84% effective.
2. Powered water was 81% effective.
3. Scrubbing was 77% effective.
4. Steam and lye were nearly 100% effective, as is irradiation.”
The above was taken from page 4 of Dr. Eric Mussen’s (University of California, Davis) beekeeping newsletter.
http://66.102.7.104/univ/ucdavis?q=cache:NyXjWSA81d8J:entomology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/mussen/03-04-04.pdf+Virkon+S&hl=en&ie=UTF-8